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Official Languages: Mongolian

English Is Common in Ulaanbaatar's Hotels, Tour Agencies, and among Younger Mongolians, and Is Now the Main Foreign Language Taught in Schools. Older Mongolians Are More Likely to Know Some Russian than English, a Legacy of the Soviet Era. Both Thin Out Fast Once You Leave the Capital and Organized Tourist Routes

Mobile Network: Coverage Is Strong in Ulaanbaatar and Other Large Towns, Where 4G Is the Everyday Standard, and It Thins Out Fast over the Open Steppe, Mountains, and Desert. Many Ger Camps near Main Travel Routes Still Get a Signal, but a Stretch of the Gobi or the Deep Countryside Can Leave You with None at All

Roaming/SIM/eSIM: For a Short Trip, an eSIM Set Up before You Fly Is the Easiest Way to Land with Working Data, Though Price and Coverage Vary by Plan. A Local SIM in an Unlocked Phone Is Usually Cheaper over a Longer Stay. Roaming on a Home Plan Is the Most Expensive Choice for a Visit of Any Length. No Option Guarantees a Signal Deep in the Countryside, so Download Offline Maps and Save Key Contacts and Bookings before You Leave Town

Cards Work at Hotels, Larger Restaurants, and Supermarkets in Ulaanbaatar, but Many Small Shops, Taxis, and Markets Are Cash-Only. Card Machines Are Rare outside the Capital, and Slow Internet Often Rules Out Payment Even Where One Exists. Carry Enough Tögrög for the Gobi and Any Ger Camp Stay, since Neither Reliably Takes Cards

Tipping Is Not a Mongolian Tradition, but It Is Now Common in Tourism and Appreciated Rather than Expected. In Ulaanbaatar Restaurants, Rounding Up or Leaving 5 to 10 Percent Is Normal; Some Upscale Places Already Add a Service Charge, so Check the Bill First. Guides and Drivers on Organized Tours Are Typically Tipped 10 to 20 Percent of the Tour Price between Them, or a Set 10 to 20 US Dollars per Person per Day

Plug Type: Type C and Type E

Voltage: 230 V, 50 Hz

Adapter: An Adapter Is Needed for Any Device with a Plug Other than Type C or E. Devices Rated 220 to 240 V Work Fine as They Are; Anything Built Only for 110 or 120 V, Such as Some North American Hairdryers, Needs a Voltage Converter as Well